For the analysis, the building has been divided into three parts: the membrane, the cylindrical part, and the doors. The permanent actions contain the weight of all the building elements. For the loading, a distinction has been made between permanent actions and normal and special variable actions. This chapter reports loading, analysis, and design. They form a semicircle in plan and a quarter-segment of a circle in elevation. At both ends of the building are the doors that consist of two fixed and six moving elements. The central part of the hangar is of a cylindrical shape and consists of five steel arches covered with a textile membrane. With a span of 210 m, a height of 107 m, and a length of 363 m, the hanger will be one of the largest halls in the world. Therefore, a new hangar for two airships is going to be built.
#CARGOLIFTER HANGAR CODE#
A discussion is also made on needs and ways for further improvement of the standard, in terms of code philosophy, research lines and technical aspects.Nowadays a new generation of airships, the CargoLifter CL 160, is developed. At the current stage, this work is intended to give an overview of international masonry codes and present the main developments in the new version of the European masonry code. Nevertheless, a significant evolution of Eurocode 6 – Part 1-1 has been achieved. There is still a long way to put the European codes in line with more recent design philosophies, like risk- and resilience-based design. material properties and rules for reinforced masonry). reduction in NDPs and enhanced ease of use) and specific issues of masonry design (e.g. Following the European Commission Mandate M/515, different subtasks were identified to be addressed in the new version of Eurocode 6 – Part 1-1, aimed to improve general aspects amongst the Eurocodes (e.g. Furthermore, since the last version of Eurocode 6 – Part 1-1 (2005), many research on the structural behavior of masonry has been developed, in way that the specifications in the code need to be updated. The paper ends with an appeal to experts, academics and final-year students worldwide, to exchange their knowledge and to support the project with their time and expertise.ĭespite the wide use of masonry buildings in Europe, existing rules for its structural design remain very scattered and lacking in clarity and understandability. This envisions a structured research approach with focus on vernacular and traditional construction techniques, called “Non-Engineered 2.0,” for which a research initiative is started under the name “SMARTnet,” meaning “Seismic Methodologies for Applied Research and Testing of non-engineered techniques.” The findings of this paper will serve as the starting point for the upcoming follow-up paper, which will complement the seismic demand with hand-made base shear calculations for countries that still allow the technique.
#CARGOLIFTER HANGAR FULL#
Therefore, the authors propose a full assessment, validation, optimization and complementation of the existing knowledge, by means of the current state-of-the-art for calculating, testing and modeling. To address all shortcomings, the paper recommends clear descriptions and terminology the international adaption of NRM as a fourth masonry category and the development of a stand-alone code specifically for this technique. This, however, does not serve the current engineering practices and construction needs in these countries. It is also noted that several countries where stone masonry is still broadly practiced, are currently not allowing the technique (or have no codes in place), such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bhutan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen and Albania.
It is further observed that types of stone masonry and stone properties are seldom clearly described in the codes. This raises questions about the completeness and correctness, as well as the reliability and actual value of the knowledge in this field. It is concluded that the design specifications vary greatly without any consensus on the main sizes, dimensions or details.
This paper compares and summarizes design specifications and construction requirements, with a specific focus on “nominally reinforced rubble stone masonry (NRM) with cement mortar and wooden diaphragms in seismic areas.” Currently, the technique is only allowed and described in some detail in the codes of Nepal, India, China, Tajikistan, Georgia, Iran and Croatia. Nearly 325 seismic and masonry codes from all over the world have been analyzed, of countries where stone masonry was, or still is, abundantly practiced.
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